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51.
This study examines the depletion of ferromagnesian silicate minerals from a sequence of thin, distal, mainly rhyolitic tephra layers of Holocene age preserved in an acid peat bog (Kopouatai), North Island, New Zealand. The rate of such depletion has been fast, as indicated by the complete loss of biotite from one tephra layer (Kaharoa Tephra), in which it is normally dominant, in only ca. 770 yr. Chemical dissolution is advocated as the likely cause for the depletion, with amphiboles and other mineral grains commonly showing etch pits, microcaves, and other characteristic surface solution features. Theoretical thermodynamic and kinetic models show a marked increase in the rate of dissolution of all ferromagnesian minerals under conditions of low pH (< 4), but that where silica concentrations in solution are high the relative proportions of minerals remaining are unaffected. However, where concentrations of dissolved silica are low, as in most bog environments, the relative proportions of ferromagnesian minerals are affected as well as absolute amounts being decreased. Amphiboles are depleted relative to pyroxenes, consistent with kinetic studies. The results show that the identification and correlation of tephras on the basis of relative abundances of ferromagnesian minerals alone may be unreliable, and emphasise the need to use multiple criteria in such studies. 相似文献
52.
在建立斑节对虾实验室养殖模式的基础上,对野外采集的有白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)病典型症状的斑节对虾初步纯化其病毒,并进行WSSV的PCR检测,得到WSSV的感染用样品。对健康斑节对虾分别进行浸浴感染,投喂感染和注射感染。对感染死亡个体进行WSSA的PCR检测和细菌检测,证实WSSV感染性和致死性。浸浴感染、投喂感染和注射感染的感染量分别为4mL/L、0.2g/10g虾体、1/2稀释液0.05mL/10g虾体,死亡开始时间分别为16d、42h、28h,三种感染模式最终死亡率100%,从开始死亡到全部死亡延续时间分别为15d、82h、44h。 相似文献
53.
Lin Liu 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1997,21(4):488-500
With the aim of analyzing the errors in the radial position of satellites, we give in this paper the expressions for the radial perturbation which include the complete zeroth- and first-order terms in the orbital eccentricity. A simpler and faster method of calculating the perturbation is given. 相似文献
54.
THE SIMULATED STORAGE CAPACITY OF FLOOD AND WATERLOGGING IN THE TYPICAL AGRICULTURAL REGION IN JIANGHAN PLAIN 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1INTRODUCTIONJianghanPlainisoneoftheimportantbasesofChina′sagriculturalproductivitylocatedinthemiddleChangjiangRivervalleyofcentralChina.TheJianghanplainapproximately6.6×104km2inareaandover30millioninpopulationistherenowned“countryoffishandrice"in… 相似文献
55.
56.
In this paper, we reconstruct the finite energy force-free magnetic field of the active region NOAA 8100 on 4 November 1997
above the photosphere. In particular, the 3-D magnetic field structures before and after a 2B/X2 flare at 05:58 UT in this
region are analyzed. The magnetic field lines were extrapolated in close coincidence with the Yohkoh soft X-ray (SXR) loops accordingly. It is found that the active region is composed of an emerging flux loop, a complex loop
system with differential magnetic field shear, and large-scale, or open field lines. Similar magnetic connectivity has been
obtained for both instants but apparent changes of the twisting situations of the calculated magnetic field lines can be observed
that properly align with the corresponding SXR coronal loops. We conclude that this flare was triggered by the interaction
of an emerging flux loop and a large loop system with differential magnetic field shear, as well as large-scale, or open field
lines. The onset of the flare was at the common footpoints of several interacting magnetic loops and confined near the footpoints
of the emerging flux loop. The sheared configuration remained even after the energetic flare, as demonstrated by calculated
values of the twist for the loop system, which means that the active region was relaxed to a lower energy state but not completely
to the minimum energy state (two days later another X-class flare occurred in this region). 相似文献
57.
We review elemental abundances derived for planetary nebula (PN) WCcentral stars and for their nebulae. Uncertainties in the abundances of[WC] stars are still too large to enable an abundance sequenceto be constructed. In particular it is not clear why the hotter [WCE]stars have C and O abundances which are systematically lower than those oftheir supposed precursors, the [WCL] stars. This abundance differencecould be real or it may be due to unaccounted-for systematic effects inthe analyses. Hydrogen might not be present in [WC] star winds asoriginallysuggested, since broad pedestals observed at the base of nebular lines canplausibly be attributed to high velocity nebular components. It isrecommended that stellar abundance analyses should be carried out withnon-LTE model codes, although recombination line analyses can provideuseful insights. In particular, C II dielectronic recombinationlines provide a unique means to determine electron temperatures in cool[WC] star winds. We then compare the abundances found for PNe which have [WC] central starswith those that do not. Numerous abundance analyses of PNe have beenpublished, but comparisons based on non-uniform samples and methods arelikely to lack reliability. Nebular C/H ratios, which might be expected todistinguish between PNe around H-poor and H-rich stars, are rather similarfor the two groups, with only a small tendency towards larger values fornebulae around H-deficient stars. Nebular abundances should be obtainedwith photoionization models using the best-fitting non-LTE modelatmosphere for the central star as the input. Heavy-metal line blanketingstill needs to be taken into consideration when modeling the central star,as its omission can significantly affect the ionizing fluxes as well asthe abundance determinations. We discuss the discrepancies between nebularabundances derived from collisionally excited lines and thosederived from optical recombination lines, a phenomenon that may havelinks with the presence of H-deficient central stars. 相似文献
58.
刘满全 《地球科学与环境学报》1994,(2)
本文介绍紫阳骨坡治理工程中有关抗滑桩的设计与施工。文中详细地论述了设计中设计人员应根据工程的具体情况去灵活处理的一些技术问题,如确定有关参数的选择原则,计算上的条件简化和一些具体技术细节的处理方法等. 相似文献
59.
Numerical methods are usually used for the computation of ephemerides with perturbations for the precise orbital determination of an artificial satellite. But their numerical stability will be encountered in a long arc. In this case the use the improved Encke special perturbation methods has been suggested. The results of this paper show that Encke's method does indeed have a certain effectiveness, but cannot yet completely resolve the numerical stability, and the more efficient method is to use the energy integral or its variational relation to control the growth of the along-track error in general numerical calculations so that the aim of stabilization can be achieved. 相似文献
60.
1 INTRODUCTIONGlobal change research involves much geo-objectsand geo-process, such as climate and environmentalchange, substance and energy cycling, land-use/land-cover change (LUCC), interactivity between human and nature, etc.. So it need cooperation frommany research communities including international research programs groups such as IGBP (InternationalGeosphere-Biosphere Programme IPCC (Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change), IHDP (InternationalHuman Dimension Program o… 相似文献